The upper part of the hydrocyclone is a hollow cylinder, and the lower part is an inverted cone communicating with the cylinder. The two form the working simplified part of the hydrocyclone. The upper end of the cylindrical cylinder is equipped with a feed pipe tangentially, and the top is equipped with an overflow pipe and an overflow conduit. There is a grit sink at the bottom of the conical simplified form. The parts are connected by flanges and screws. The mine-mouth, barrel, and grit mouth are usually lined with rubber, polyurethane, silicon carbide, or diabase cast stone to reduce wear and replace them after wear.

1. The working principle of hydrocyclone

The strong centrifugal force is used to realize the separation of the mixture under high-speed rotation. For example, a classic static hydrocyclone uses external pressure to push the feed mixture into the inside of the cyclone at a relatively high speed. Since the mixture moves in the tangential direction of the cyclone, it will cause the liquid to move along the tangential direction. The cylinder wall makes a rotating movement, which is generally called external swirling flow.

The particles in the external swirling flow are subjected to centrifugal force. If its density is greater than the density of the surrounding liquid, the centrifugal force it receives will become greater and greater. Once the centrifugal force is greater than the liquid resistance caused by the movement, the particles will overcome this resistance and move towards the wall of the vessel and separate from the surrounding liquid. The particles reaching the wall are pushed by the liquid above the cyclone and move down the wall. When it reaches the vicinity of the underflow orifice, it condenses into a suspension with a higher degree of viscosity and is discharged from the underflow orifice.

The separated liquid rotates downward and continues to move. After entering the cone section, the inner diameter of the hydrocyclone gradually shrinks, and the liquid rotation speed increases. Due to the uneven pressure distribution along the radial direction of the liquid when the vortex is generated, the closer it is to the axis, the smaller it is and it approaches zero when it reaches the axis, which becomes a low-pressure zone or even a vacuum zone, causing the liquid to move in the axial direction.

At the same time, because the bottom orifice of the hydrocyclone is greatly reduced, the liquid cannot be quickly discharged from the bottom orifice, and the overflow orifice in the center of the top cover of the cyclone chamber is in the low-pressure area and a part of the liquid moves to it, thus forming an upward direction. Rotate movement and discharge from overflow.

2. Hydrocyclones are mainly used in ore dressing

1)The heavy medium cyclone is a common heavy medium sorting equipment.

2)As grading equipment in the grinding circuit, especially as fine grading equipment.

3)Desliming and thickening the slurry.